Practice/Amazon/Design a Parking Lot Management System

Design a Parking Lot Management System

Object Oriented DesignMust

Problem

Design and implement an object-oriented parking facility management system that can handle multiple types of vehicles across different parking levels. Your system should efficiently allocate parking spaces, track availability, and manage vehicle entry and exit operations.

This is a system design problem focused on demonstrating your ability to create clean, extensible object-oriented code with proper abstractions and relationships between entities.

Requirements

Your parking management system must support the following functionality:

1. Multiple Vehicle Types: Handle motorcycles, cars, and buses with different size requirements
2. Spot Classification: Different spot types (compact, regular, large) that can accommodate specific vehicle sizes
3. Multi-Level Structure: Support multiple parking levels/floors within the facility
4. Space Allocation: Automatically find and assign appropriate parking spots for incoming vehicles
5. Availability Tracking: Monitor which spots are occupied and which are available
6. Vehicle Operations: Handle both parking (check-in) and departure (check-out) of vehicles
7. Capacity Management: Track total capacity and current occupancy across the entire facility

Design Considerations

• Extensibility: Your design should easily accommodate new vehicle types or spot classifications
• Encapsulation: Each class should have clear responsibilities and hide implementation details
• Type Safety: Use enums or constants for vehicle and spot types
• Error Handling: Consider what happens when no spots are available or invalid operations occur
• Scalability: The system should handle a large number of spots and levels efficiently

Core Components to Design

Your implementation should include these key classes:

• Vehicle: Represents different types of vehicles with size information
• ParkingSpot: Represents an individual parking space with type and availability status
• ParkingLevel: Represents a floor containing multiple parking spots
• ParkingLot: The main facade that manages the entire parking facility

Example Usage Scenario

` Facility Setup:

• Create a parking lot with 3 levels
• Level 1: 10 compact spots, 20 regular spots
• Level 2: 15 regular spots, 5 large spots
• Level 3: 30 compact spots

Operations:

1. Motorcycle arrives → Assign compact spot on Level 1
2. Car arrives → Assign regular spot on Level 1
3. Bus arrives → Assign large spot on Level 2
4. Check available spots for cars → Return count of available regular spots
5. Motorcycle departs → Free its compact spot
6. Another car arrives → Assign available regular spot `

Constraints

• The system should handle up to 10 levels per facility
• Each level can contain up to 1000 parking spots
• Vehicle license plates are unique identifiers (strings)
• Spots should be assigned on a first-available basis within the appropriate level
• A motorcycle can park in any spot type (compact, regular, or large)
• A car requires at least a regular spot (cannot use compact)
• A bus requires a large spot