Design a Real-Time Robotics Data Upload System

Waymo operates a fleet of autonomous vehicles that continuously stream sensor data (LiDAR, camera, telemetry, operator events) to the cloud while on the road. Design the end-to-end system that lets every robot open one secure connection, publish many logical data streams with different rates and sizes, guarantee at-least-once delivery, keep a live copy for real-time dashboards, and store everything durably for later training and debugging. You must support 10 000 concurrent robots, each sending 1 KHz telemetry (≈ 4 KB/s), 30 Hz compressed camera frames (≈ 3 MB/s), plus occasional operator events; aggregate ingress ≈ 30 GB/s. The system must tolerate single-zone failures, allow new sensor types to be added without robot or gateway code changes, and keep end-to-end latency for the live path under 200 ms worldwide.